Gasoline engines
The 1.3L Endura-E engine is based on the well-known OHV or HCS engine used in previous models. It is based on the cross flow principle. This means that fresh air/fuel mixture enters from one side and exhaust gases exit from the opposite side through the exhaust system. The intake and exhaust valves are located in the cylinder head in turn and are driven through tappets, rods and adjustable rocker arms. The camshaft is located on the side of the cylinder block and is driven from the crankshaft by a roller chain. The crankshaft is located on five bearings in a ductile iron cylinder block and is equipped with counterweights for balancing.
The combustion chambers and intake ports are arranged so that the incoming air-fuel mixture is mixed in a vortex direction and actively swirls. Due to this feature, this engine was named HCS (High Compression Swirl - high compression swirl). Due to this swirl, combustion occurs faster and more completely, which leads to less fuel consumption and a lower concentration of toxic substances.
The oil pump is bolted to the side of the cylinder block and is driven from the camshaft by a helical gear. The oil filter is located directly on the oil pump.
New Zetec-SE 1.25L or 1.4L engine is a DOHC engine (two camshafts located at the top). One camshaft controls the exhaust valves and the other controls the intake valves. The camshafts are driven from the crankshaft by a toothed belt. Camshafts act on valves through tappets. Valve clearance is adjusted using shims in the poppets. However, control is required only after 150 thousand km.
The cylinder block is made of aluminum alloy with ductile iron cylinder liners. crank mechanism (crankshaft bearings and pistons) must not be disassembled, but only piston rings can be replaced separately (it is done in the workshop). The cylinder block houses the water pump, which is driven by the same toothed belt as the camshafts. The oil pump sprocket is driven directly from the crankshaft via an intermediate pin.
To prepare the working air-fuel mixture, all gasoline engines use an electronically controlled injection system that does not require maintenance. The ignition spark is provided by the static ignition system and cannot be adjusted.
Diesel engine
The Endura-DE engine is based on the ONS diesel engine used in previous models.
The block head and cylinder block are made of ductile iron. The designation ONS indicates that there is one overhead camshaft in the cylinder head. From the crankshaft, the camshaft and the water pump are driven through a toothed belt. The vertically positioned valves are actuated by the camshaft directly via poppet lifters. The valve clearance must be checked periodically as part of maintenance, and shims of the appropriate thickness are inserted into the poppet tappets for adjustment.
The second toothed belt drives the high pressure fuel distribution pump, which creates the high pressure diesel fuel required to inject it into the cylinders.
Warning: Switch off the ignition before working in the engine compartment. The radiator fan may start unexpectedly when the engine is cold, which could cause injury.